ISLAMABAD: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has asked the government to bring about massive fiscal adjustments amounting to Rs1,150bn to cut the budgetary deficit at 0.4% of the GDP.
Official sources confirmed that the stalled IMF programme under the $6 billion Extended Fund Facility (EFF) could only be revived provided the government demonstrates its ability to present and pass the next budget for 2020-21 to align with the IMF’s envisaged macroeconomic framework.
Any major deviation from the path of ‘fiscal discipline’ could derail the IMF programme by creating problems for completion of the second review and release of third tranche worth $450 million under the Fund’s EFF programme that was halted after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic because the economic realities of the country had changed massively.
However, the IMF extended $1.4 billion under the Rapid Fund Instrument (RFI) to support and compensate Pakistan in the post coronavirus situation. Now Pakistan is seeking major relaxations in primary deficit/fiscal deficit targets to revive the stalled programme and it will be an achievement of the government if it convinces the IMF to allow a hike in the budget deficit as well as the primary deficit for the next budget 2020-21.
The IMF staff, according to an official, in its recently held technical level parleys here in Islamabad, also recommended strict policies and warned Pakistani authorities regarding the country heading towards ‘unsustainable’ debt trap if the primary deficit was not curtailed from a projected negative 2.9% of the GDP in the post-COVID-19 scenario in the outgoing fiscal year 2019-20 to negative 0.4% of GDP for the next budget 2020-21.
Pakistan’s total debt and liabilities so far touched Rs 42,820 billion, equivalent to 98.2% of the GDP till the end of the third quarter (July-March) period of the current fiscal year so it’s heading towards 100% of GDP at a rapid speed.
The IMF prescription suggests that Islamabad requires massive fiscal adjustments of 2.5% of the GDP for bringing down its primary deficit from negative 2.9% of GDP to negative 0.4%, equivalent to almost Rs 1,150 billion in the next budget through different measures including the freezing of salaries and defence budget.
“When G20 countries can cut down salaries of their public sector employees, why can’t Pakistan do it,” the IMF side raised the question before Pakistani side and argued that “charity begins at home” so the government must show its discipline before pursuing others and for creation of fiscal space for diverting resources towards combating COVID-19 pandemic.
Pakistani authorities have replied that the inflation remained in double-digits and freezing of salaries did not seem like a feasible option. The government said that inflation has impacted the salaried class the most and 10-15% increase in salaries and pensions was inevitable.
However, the IMF is suggesting the freezing of all major heads of non-development expenditures such as salaries under an austerity drive. But Pakistani budget makers are exploring possibilities for rationalisation of expenditure side as proposals were under consideration to continue the ban on filling of 67,000 vacant posts at the federal level, ban on the purchase of physical assets such as vehicles and other goods, abolishing of those posts that were falling vacant from last one year, the reversal of monetisation of cars from grade 20 to 22 officers, abolishing funding for vertical schemes for provinces such as health, education, population welfare and others that fall into the domain of the provinces in the aftermath of 18th Constitutional Amendment and introducing targeted subsidies of the power sector through Ehsaas programme and many others.
Now, the Pakistani side has argued that the primary deficit could not be brought down in such a massive manner in one stroke. They suggested that the primary deficit could be reduced from a negative 2.9% of GDP to -1.2% of GDP in the next budget. The IMF envisages overall budget deficit at 6.6% of GDP for next budget 2020-21 against revised estimates of 9.6% of GDP for the outgoing fiscal year. Pakistani authorities told the IMF team that the budget deficit could be brought down 8 to 9% of GDP in the next fiscal year.
The IMF’s prescriptions show that the country’s public finances are expected to come under significant pressure. The primary deficit is now expected to deteriorate to 2.9% of GDP in FY-2020 (from 0.8%) expected earlier) due to a 1.8% point decline in tax revenue relative to the pre-virus baseline, and the needed higher spending to support the health response, social safety nets for the very poor, and employment.
Through ongoing rationalisation of expenditure exercise, Pakistani authorities conceded that there was not much room as the expenditure side of budget revolved around debt servicing, defence and development expenditures. The debt servicing and defence budgets could not be slashed down and frozen and the only option left was abolishing ministries and departments. The Ministry of Finance analysed 109 demands in grants of ministries/divisions and attached departments and found it very hard to slash down committed expenditures.
The debt servicing is projected to be increased from Rs2,700 billion in the outgoing fiscal year to Rs3,150 billion for the next budget despite a reduction in the discount rate. The buffer stocks placed by the Finance Ministry to the tune of over Rs1,000 billion were also putting extra burden on debt servicing requirements.
The initial assessment by the Ministry of Finance shows that the ban on purchase and other austerity measures could save up to Rs50 billion and the targeted subsidy for power sector could reduce its demand to the tune of Rs50 to 70 billion in the next budget.
