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were predominantly light-skinned and mostly lactose-intolerant.
The findings, based on a rough analysis of genetic material extracted from the teeth of 101 ancient humans, provide snapshots of how mass migrations changed Europe’s peoples during the Bronze Age, which lasted from around the year 3000 B.C. to 1000 B.C.
That era marked the transition from a predominantly hunter-gatherer way of life to a predominantly agricultural lifestyle, and the rise of urban civilizations ranging from Babylon to pharaonic Egypt to classical Greece and Rome.
The scientists behind the genetic survey, described in this week’s issue of the journal Nature, wanted to find out how large a role migrations played in the cultural ferment. The results suggest they played a huge role.
